Central Government Schemes

The Indian government, both pre and post-independence, has consistently implemented numerous schemes and initiatives to address the diverse needs of its citizens. These Central Government Schemes are designed to tackle a wide range of socio-economic challenges, from poverty and unemployment to healthcare and education. They aim to uplift marginalized communities, promote inclusive growth, and build a stronger, more prosperous nation.

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Details of the Top Central Government Schemes

Below is the detailed list of schemes offered by the Central Government of India:

Schemes Focused on Social Welfare and Poverty Alleviation:

This category encompasses schemes that directly target poverty, unemployment, and social vulnerabilities, aiming to provide a safety net and improve the quality of life for the most vulnerable sections of society.
- Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA): A landmark scheme guaranteeing 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to rural households whose adult members are willing to do unskilled manual work. It aims to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing employment opportunities and creating durable assets. MGNREGA has significantly contributed to rural income and infrastructure development.
- National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) - Aajeevika: Focuses on empowering women through self-help groups (SHGs). It aims to mobilize women into strong community institutions, provide them with access to financial resources, training, and market linkages, enabling them to become self-reliant and improve their livelihoods.
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY): Aims to provide affordable housing to all by 2022. It has two components: PMAY-Gramin (for rural areas) and PMAY-Urban (for urban areas). The scheme provides financial assistance for the construction or purchase of houses, contributing significantly to addressing the housing deficit in the country.
- National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP): Provides financial assistance to the elderly, widows, and persons with disabilities in the form of pensions. It includes schemes like the Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS), the Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS), and the Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS).
- Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM): Focuses on urban poverty alleviation by providing skill development training, promoting self-employment, and facilitating access to microfinance for the urban poor. It aims to empower urban dwellers to improve their livelihoods and escape poverty.
- Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY): Launched during the COVID-19 pandemic, this scheme provides free additional food grains to beneficiaries of the National Food Security Act (NFSA). It aims to ensure food security for the most vulnerable during times of crisis.
People also read: Government Schemes for Girl Child
Schemes Focused on Education and Skill Development:

These schemes aim to improve access to quality education and provide individuals with the skills needed to secure gainful employment, thereby contributing to human capital development.
- Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA): Aims to provide universal elementary education to all children aged 6-14 years. It focuses on improving school infrastructure, providing free textbooks and uniforms, and enhancing the quality of teaching.
- Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA): Aims to universalize secondary education by making it accessible, affordable, and of good quality. It focuses on improving school infrastructure, providing teacher training, and developing curriculum aligned with the needs of the 21st century.
- Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY): A flagship skill development scheme that aims to provide vocational training and certification to youth, making them employable. It focuses on aligning training with industry needs and providing placement assistance.
- Skill India Mission: An umbrella mission that encompasses various skill development initiatives, aiming to create a skilled workforce that meets the demands of the industry.
- Atal Innovation Mission (AIM): Aim to promote innovation and entrepreneurship across the country. It includes initiatives like Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) in schools, Atal Incubation Centres (AICs), and the MUDRA Yojana for providing financial support to entrepreneurs.
Schemes Focused on Healthcare:

These schemes aim to improve access to quality healthcare, reduce out-of-pocket health expenditure, and promote overall health and well-being.
- Ayushman Bharat: A flagship scheme with two components: Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), which provides health insurance coverage of up to ₹5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary hospitalization, and Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs), which provide comprehensive primary healthcare services.
- National Health Mission (NHM): Aims to improve the health outcomes of women and children, particularly in rural areas. It focuses on strengthening primary healthcare infrastructure, improving maternal and child health services, and controlling communicable diseases.
- Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY): Aims to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality by promoting institutional deliveries. It provides cash assistance to pregnant women for delivering their babies in health facilities.
- Mission Indradhanush: Aim to achieve full immunization coverage for all children against vaccine-preventable diseases.
People also read: Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana
Schemes Focused on Rural Development and Infrastructure:

These schemes aim to improve rural infrastructure, promote agricultural development, and enhance the quality of life in rural areas.
- Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY): Aims to provide all-weather connectivity to unconnected rural habitations. It focuses on constructing and upgrading rural roads, improving access to markets, education, and healthcare facilities.
- Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY): Aims to provide 24x7 uninterrupted power supply to rural areas. It focuses on strengthening the rural power distribution network and providing electricity connections to all households.
- Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY): A crop insurance scheme that provides financial assistance to farmers in case of crop loss due to natural calamities. It aims to protect farmers from income shocks and encourage them to invest in agriculture.
- Soil Health Card Scheme: Aims to provide farmers with information about the nutrient status of their soil, enabling them to make informed decisions about fertilizer use. It promotes balanced fertilization and improves soil health.
Other Important Schemes:
- Digital India: Aims to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. It encompasses various initiatives aimed at promoting digital literacy, providing digital infrastructure, and delivering government services digitally.
- Make in India: Aims to encourage manufacturing in India and create jobs. It focuses on attracting foreign investment, promoting ease of doing business, and developing industrial infrastructure.
- Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: Aims to make India clean and hygienic. It focuses on eliminating open defecation, improving sanitation, and promoting waste management.
- Jan Dhan Yojana: A financial inclusion scheme that aims to provide access to banking services to all households. It has led to a significant increase in bank account ownership and facilitated direct benefit transfer (DBT) of government subsidies.

Conclusion

Central Government Schemes play an important role in addressing India's complex socio-economic challenges. These schemes, when implemented effectively, have the potential to transform the lives of millions of citizens and contribute to building a more inclusive and prosperous nation. It is important to note that this is not an exhaustive list, and the government continues to introduce and modify schemes based on evolving needs. Understanding these schemes is crucial for citizens to avail of their benefits and for policymakers to assess their effectiveness and make necessary adjustments.

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^The tax benefits under Section 80C allow a deduction of up to ₹1.5 lakhs from the taxable income per year and 10(10D) tax benefits are for investments made up to ₹2.5 Lakhs/ year for policies bought after 1 Feb 2021. Tax benefits and savings are subject to changes in tax laws.

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^^The information relating to mutual funds presented in this article is for educational purpose only and is not meant for sale. Investment is subject to market risks and the risk is borne by the investor. Please consult your financial advisor before planning your investments.

#The investment risk in the portfolio is borne by the policyholder. Life insurance is available in this product. The maturity amount of Rs 1 Cr. is for a 30 year old healthy individual investing Rs 10,000/- per month for 30 years, with assumed rates of returns @ 8% p.a. that is not guaranteed and is not the upper or lower limits as the value of your policy depends on a number of factors including future investment performance. In Unit Linked Insurance Plans, the investment risk in the investment portfolio is borne by the policyholder and the returns are not guaranteed. Maturity Value: ₹1,05,02,174 @ CARG 8%; ₹50,45,591 @ CAGR 4%

¶Long-term capital gains (LTCG) tax (12.5%) is exempted on annual premiums up to 2.5 lacs.

**Returns are based on past 10 years’ fund performance data (Fund Data Source: Value Research).

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