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Diabetes
Diabetes occurs when the body struggles to regulate blood sugar levels properly. It is a common condition that can affect anyone, regardless of age. There are different types of diabetes, with Type 2 being the most common.
What is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels become too high. This happens when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or can’t use it properly. Insulin is a hormone that helps move sugar from the blood into the cells for energy. Without it, sugar builds up in the blood, leading to health problems if not managed.
What are the types of Diabetes?
Type 1 Diabetes
The body’s immune system attacks & destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. It often starts in childhood or young adulthood & requires insulin injections to manage blood sugar levels.
Type 2 Diabetes
The body doesn’t use insulin properly (insulin resistance) or produce enough insulin. It’s more common in adults but can develop at any age. Lifestyle changes like healthy eating, exercise, & sometimes medication are key to managing it.
Gestational Diabetes
This occurs during pregnancy when hormonal changes make it harder for the body to use insulin effectively. It usually goes away after childbirth but can increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later.
Health insurance covers all types of diabetes.
How is Diabetes diagnosed?
Markers for diabetes are measurable signs, including blood tests and symptoms, that indicate its presence or risk. Understanding these markers is crucial for early detection, effective management, and staying ahead of the condition through regular check-ups and timely intervention.
Blood sugar levels
Fasting blood sugar: Measures blood sugar after 8 hours of fasting. A level of 126 mg/dL or higher indicates diabetes.
Random blood sugar: A reading of 200 mg/dL or higher suggest diabetes.
Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): A level of 200 mg/dL or higher two hours after consuming a sugary drink confirms diabetes.
HbA1c (Glycated Hemoglobin)
Reflects average blood sugar levels over the past 2–3 months and is categorized as
Normal: Below 5.7% (No diabetes risk)
Pre-diabetic: 5.7% to 6.3% (Higher risk of developing diabetes)
Diabetic: 6.3% to 8% (Confirms diabetes)
Poorly controlled diabetes: Above 8% (Requires immediate management)
Urine tests
May show sugar (glucose) or ketones, often indicating poor blood sugar control.
Early symptoms
Signs like frequent urination, extreme thirst, fatigue, blurry vision, and unexplained weight loss can signal diabetes.
Explore health insurance plans that offer comprehensive diabetes coverage.
Symptoms of Diabetes
Diabetes presents with varying symptoms depending on its type and progression. Common signs include
Increased thirst & frequent urination
Unexplained weight loss or gain
Persistent fatigue & weakness
Blurred vision
Slow-healing wounds or frequent infections
Tingling or numbness in hands & feet
Don't wait for symptoms to take a toll
When to see a doctor for Diabetes?
Consult a doctor if you experience:
Persistent or severe symptoms such as frequent thirst or unexplained fatigue
Sudden changes in vision
Unhealed sores or infections
Symptoms worsening despite management efforts
Timely intervention can prevent complications and ensure a better quality of life.
Health insurance tips 
Choose a health insurance plan that includes diabetes-related treatments & regular check-ups.
Opt for plans with Day 1 coverage for pre-existing conditions for immediate protection.
Consult Policybazaar’s certified doctors for expert guidance on selecting the right plan.
Be prepared for unexpected medical expenses with comprehensive coverage.
Diabetes in India
India has around 100 million people living with diabetes, highlighting the growing public health challenge. Early detection and consistent management are crucial to prevent complications and improve health outcomes, especially in the pre-diabetic stage.
These markers help healthcare professionals diagnose diabetes, assess its severity, and guide personalized treatment plans.
Source: https://www.who.int/india/health-topics/mobile-technology-for-preventing-ncds
What are the common treatment methods for Diabetes?
Diabetes treatment focuses on controlling blood sugar to prevent complications. Common methods include
Lifestyle changes
Healthy eating, regular exercise, and stress management improve blood sugar control.
Medications
Oral drugs like metformin or injectable options like insulin and GLP-1 agonists are used based on diabetes type.
Blood sugar monitoring
Regular checks with glucose meters or CGMs ensure effective management.
Weight management
Maintaining a healthy weight benefits blood sugar control, especially in Type 2 diabetes.
Medical care
Treating related conditions like high blood pressure & cholesterol, along with regular check-ups, helps prevent complications.
Manage diabetes effectively for a healthier future
Medicines for Diabetes: What you need to know
Managing diabetes often requires medications tailored to individual needs. These medicines help regulate blood sugar by increasing insulin production, improving insulin sensitivity, reducing glucose production, or slowing carbohydrate absorption
Sulfonylureas
These oral medications stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin
Glimepiride (Amaryl): Known for its effectiveness in Type 2 diabetes management.
Glipizide:A short-acting option for improving post-meal blood sugar levels.
Glyburide: Offers longer-lasting effects but may carry a higher risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
Other oral medications
Metformin: Reduces glucose production in the liver and improves insulin sensitivity.
GLT2 inhibitors (e.g., Dapagliflozin):S Help excrete excess glucose through urine.
DPP-4 inhibitors (e.g., Sitagliptin): Enhance natural hormones to control blood sugar.
Insulin therapy
Insulin glargine (Lantus): A long-acting insulin that controls blood sugar for up to 24 hours. Often prescribed for Type 1 diabetes and advanced Type 2 cases.
Injectable medications
GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., Liraglutide): Regulate appetite and blood sugar levels, often aiding weight loss.
Amylin analogs (e.g., Pramlintide): Prevent post-meal sugar spikes.
Disclaimer: Consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment tailored to your specific condition
What are the complications of Diabetes?
Diabetes is a chronic condition where high blood sugar levels can lead to serious health issues over time if not properly managed. Complications may affect multiple parts of the body, including:
Nerve damage (Neuropathy)
Tingling, numbness, or pain in the hands and feet. Severe cases may lead to loss of sensation.
Kidney damage (Nephropathy)
Over time, diabetes can impair kidney function, potentially leading to kidney failure.
Eye damage (Retinopathy)
High blood sugar can damage blood vessels in the retina, leading to vision problems or blindness.
Cardiovascular problems
Increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure.
Foot complications
Poor circulation and nerve damage can cause ulcers and infections, sometimes leading to amputation.
FAQs
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Q1. What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Ans: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition, while Type 2 results from insulin resistance often linked to lifestyle factors. -
Q2. Can diabetes be cured?
Ans: There is no cure for diabetes, but effective management allows individuals to lead healthy lives. -
Q3. How does stress impact diabetes?
Ans: Chronic stress can elevate blood sugar levels and hinder effective management. -
Q4. Can children develop diabetes?
Ans: Yes, Type 1 diabetes commonly affects children, but Type 2 diabetes is also rising due to childhood obesity.
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