What are Advanced Persistent Threats?

Definition of Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)

Let's break down the term Advanced Persistent Threat to understand APT full form in cyber security:

• Advanced: APTs are not your run-of-the-mill cyberattacks. These use 'ADVANCED' techniques, sophisticated tools, and even custom malware. These even exploit zero-day vulnerabilities to get into the security loopholes before the vendors can even find and patch them. These attackers are well-resourced, systematic, and highly skilled. They prey on human psychology using various social engineering tactics.
• Persistent: The 'PERSISTENT' part underscores the long game they play. The APT persistent threat is not a quick grab-and-run thing. Once they are in, they patiently lurk in the target network for a long time and keep gathering crucial information. While pursuing their goals, they can stay undetected for months and even years.
• Threat: Here, 'THREAT' means these attacks have malicious intent and the ability to cause harm. Advanced Persistent Threat attacks are well-planned and well-funded invasions staged by humans to hit a target. Therefore, these are more solid and real than the ones done by random programs.

Their primary goals typically revolve around:

• Espionage: Stealing secrets, whether corporate intellectual property or classified government information.
• Data Theft: Exfiltrating sensitive data, including customer records, financial information, or trade secrets.
• Sabotage: Disrupting operations, crippling systems, or causing physical damage.

Characteristics of Advanced Persistent Threats

The main features of APTs are the following:

• Targeted Attacks: APTs are meticulously planned attacks with specific targets and goals, such as stealing intellectual property, crippling operations, or gaining access to sensitive personal data.
• Stealthy Approach: APTs are designed to remain concealed within a network for prolonged periods. They use sophisticated techniques to bypass detection, including custom malware, lateral entry and movement, and advanced persistent threat techniques.
• Resource-Intensive: Advanced persistent attacks are highly refined. So, they require significant resources, including funding, expertise, and time. This is why they are often linked to well-funded groups, such as nation-states, organised crime cartels, or even rivals.
• Multi-Stage Attack Process: APTs typically involve a multi-stage attack process. It starts with spying to gather details about the target and finding out their loopholes. Then, they gain initial access to the network via various social engineering hacks. Once in, they happen to expand their access and gain control of crucial systems. Finally, they steal sensitive data and transfer it to the kingpin of the attack.

How Do APTs Work?

Here's how APT in cyber security works, along with a step-by-step process -

• Initial Access: This is the first step where attackers gain entry into the target network. They use different methods and sometimes combine them to increase the odds of successful intrusion. Some of the common hacks they use are phishing emails, compromised software updates, and exploiting vulnerabilities.
• Establishing Persistence: Once they are in, they need to keep the access unrestricted, even if the users reboot the systems or update the security measures. They do this using the methods, like Backdoors (hidden entrance points that allow attackers to sidestep standard authentication processes), Rootkits (tools that hide malware and let attackers keep control over compromised systems), Malware (malicious software designed to perform various actions, like stealing data or disrupting operations).
• Privilege Escalation: Initially, when the attackers enter into a network, their access is likely to be limited. However, to hit the bull's eye, they need higher privileges - ideally, the root or administrative access. To gain this access, they escalate their privileges. It allows them to exercise more control systems and data within the network.
• Data Exfiltration: APTs aim to steal valuable data, such as intellectual property, trade secrets, customer information, or financial records. They use various techniques to exfiltrate data without detection. These include encrypting data or using secret channels.
• Covering Tracks: APT attackers are cunning. They go the extra mile to erase their tracks meticulously to avoid detection. For this, they delete logs, modify timestamps, or use anti-forensic techniques.

Types of Advanced Persistent Threats

The following are the types of APTs:

• Nation-State Sponsored APTs: These advanced persistent threat APT attacks are the most sophisticated, often sponsored by nation-states. They target government and critical infrastructure, such as power grids, financial institutions, and government agencies to rob sensitive data or hamper operations.
• Corporate Espionage APTs: These are designed to steal valuable intellectual property, trade secrets, and business plans from competitors. Their targets mostly include industries like technology, manufacturing, and pharmaceuticals.
• Hacktivist APTs: These are driven by ideological motives and prey on organisations or industries they disagree with. They are likely to steal and leak data to embarrass their targets or disrupt their operations.

Examples of Notable APT Attacks

APTs are a serious threat to organisations, regardless of their size. Here are some notable advanced persistent threat examples:

Who Is Targeted by APTs?

The Advanced Persistent Threats are staged to steal valuable data and trade secrets or cause operational disruptions. So, their target list comprises different potential victims, including the following:

• They prey on government offices for espionage and geopolitical advantage.
• They plan attacks on large corporations to steal intellectual property, trade secrets, and financial data or disrupt their business operations.
• Critical infrastructure offering essential services like power grids and healthcare systems are targeted to cause widespread damage.
• High-profile individuals, such as executives and politicians, are also at risk. The attackers use them as bait to influence their decisions or to compromise their accounts.

Why Are APTs Dangerous?

APTs are dangerous because they can hide for a long time without being detected. Let's take a look at the primary reasons:

• APTs operate stealthily. They can remain within a target network for a long time. This extended access gives attackers sufficient time to dig the network, recognise valuable data, and exfiltrate it slowly and carefully.
• Because APTs remain hidden for so long, they are likely to compromise multiple systems. The lateral approach helps them to cause widespread damage, crippling operations, corrupting data, or even sabotaging essential services.
• The consequences of an APT attack can be devastating - both financially and reputationally. The victim organisations may suffer huge financial losses due to the attacks. Moreover, these attacks also damage the company's brand image, and it eventually loses customer trust and business prospects.

How to Detect and Prevent APTs?

Refer to the table below to learn some useful tips for APT detection and prevention:

Role of Cybersecurity Solutions in Combating APTs

Fighting APT attacks requires a multi-layered approach. Let's take you through some of the most important cybersecurity solutions:

• Advanced Firewalls and Intrusion Detection: These monitor network traffic to detect suspicious network activity. The firewalls use deep packet inspection to find out and block fishy traffic related to APTs.
• Threat Intelligence: If you want to stay ahead of APT, you will need to be proactive with threat hunting. Threat intelligence offers crucial information about the latest tactics, procedures, etc. These details help security teams recognise and mitigate possible threats before they can cause damage.
• Incident Response Plans: ATPs may creep into a system and pose an attack on it even if it has the best security in place. A well-defined incident response plan quickly contains and downsides the impact of an APT attack.

Cyber Insurance as a Backup

Cyber insurance is a critical component of your business's cybersecurity strategy. It provides financial protection against the costs you incurred due to a cyberattack, including those executed by APTs. Cyber insurance is likely to cover the following costs:

• Legal Fees: Data breaches often lead to legal action. It may include lawsuits from affected parties. With a comprehensive cyber insurance plan in place, you can take a sigh of relief.
• Data Recovery and System Restoration: Recovering from an APT attack can be expensive as you need to shell out for data recovery, system restoration, and business continuity. However, your insurance plan can help you recover.
• Business Interruption Costs: A cyberattack can disrupt business operations, leading to lost revenue. A good cyber insurance plan can help you with this as well.

While cybersecurity solutions focus on preventing and detecting attacks, cyber insurance helps organisations recover after an incident.

Conclusion

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are sophisticated cyberattacks. These are devised to steal valuable data over time. They are characterised by 'A' advanced techniques, 'P' persistence, and 'T' targeted attacks.

Defending against APTs requires continuous monitoring, strong cybersecurity practices, and the right risk management strategies. A well-structured cyber insurance policy can help businesses manage financial losses from cyber incidents.

With cyber threats evolving rapidly, staying prepared is crucial. Understanding APTs and implementing proactive security measures can make all the difference in protecting your business. To explore cyber insurance options from leading insurers, visit Policybazaar for Business for quick comparisons and tailored coverage solutions.